One step! Antenna all kinds of calculation formula summary https://www.whwireless.com/ Estimated 8minutes to finish reading After introducing the various important parameters of antennas, we are going to enter a deeper area, which is the calculation formulas related to the parameters. Each formula will bring a lot of convenience before and after the installation. These formulas are summarized in this issue, not only can solve various questions during use, but also provide ideas for the subsequent antenna layout. Antenna gain is a parameter to measure the degree of directionality of antenna radiation direction map. High-gainantenna will give priority to a specific direction of radiation signal. Antenna gain is a passive phenomenon, the power is not increased by the antenna, but simply redistributed so as to provide more radiated power in a certain direction than other isotropic antennas transmit. ↓ The following are some approximate equations for antenna gain. General antenna G(dBi) = 10 Lg { 32000 / (2θ3dB,E × 2θ3dB,H)} In the formula, 2θ3dB,E and 2θ3dB,H are the width of the antenna flaps in the two main planes respectively; 32000 is the statistical empirical data. Parabolic antenna G (dBi) = 10Lg{4.5×(D/λ0)2} In the formula, D is the diameter of the paraboloid; λ0 is the center working wavelength; 4.5 is the statistical empirical data. Upright omnidirectional antenna G(dBi) = 10 Lg { 2 L / λ0 } In the formula, L is the length of the antenna; λ0 is the center working wavelength. The most important thing about the antenna adjustment is to fine-tune its down-tilt angle (which can solve the problems of weak coverage overlapping coverage, etc.). The following is an introduction to its most original antenna tilt angle calculation method. The antenna calculation formula for high traffic area (urban area). Antenna tilt angle = arctag(H/D) + vertical half power angle / 2 Low service area (rural, suburban areas, etc.) antenna formula. Antenna dip angle = arctag(H/D) Parameter description. (1) antenna tilt angle: the angle between the antenna and the vertical direction. (2) H: antenna height. It can be measured directly. (3) D: cell coverage radius. Generally D value is determined by road test, in order to ensure the coverage, in the actual design, generally D should be larger to ensure the coverage overlap between neighboring cells. (4) Vertical half-power angle: the vertical half-power angle of the antenna, generally 10 degrees. Directional diagram, the ratio of the maximum value of the front and rear flap is called the front and rear ratio, recorded as F / B . Before and after than the larger, the antenna after the radiation (or reception) is smaller. Before and after the ratio of F / B is very simple to calculate: F / B = 10 Lg {(forward power density) / (backward power density)} Parameter description: the antenna front-to-back ratio F / B requirements, its typical value is (18 ~ 30) dB, special circumstanc...

Antenna and feeder matching analysis https://www.whwireless.com/ Estimated 2minutes to finish reading What is meant by matching? Simply put, the feed line terminal connected load impedance ZL is equal to the feed line characteristic impedance Z0, called the feed line terminal is matched connection. Matching, there is only the incident wave on the feed line to the terminal load, and no reflected wave generated by the terminal load, so when the antenna as the terminal load, matching can ensure that the antenna to obtain all the signal power. As shown in the figure below, when the antenna impedance is 50 ohm, and 50 ohm cable is matched, and when the antenna impedance is 80 ohm, and 50 ohm cable is not matched. If the antenna oscillator diameter is thicker, the antenna input impedance with the frequency change is smaller, easy and feed line to keep matching, then the antenna working frequency range is wider. Conversely, it is narrower. In practice, the input impedance of the antenna will be affected by the surrounding objects. In order to make the feed line and antenna good match, in the erection of the antenna also need to measure, appropriate to adjust the local structure of the antenna, or add matching device. www.whwireless.com 

How does a antenna watertight breather valve work? Read this and you'll understand!  https://www.whwireless.com/ Estimated 2minutes to finish reading With the development of the times, the pursuit of users is getting higher and higher, in the waterproof function above is also the same, from the beginning of IP54 to nowadays IP68 level waterproof. These days, some friends ask what is the working principle of waterproof ventilation valve? Let's solve this problem today! Waterproof relief valve is a two-way waterproof breathable pressure relief from the surface, not considered a one-way valve. Waterproof vent valve (also known as PUW vent valve) is mainly used eptfe membrane injection molding, ultrasonic welding and other forms of combination to become a sealed component. There are mainly threaded, press-in, snap-in, twist-in, etc. PUW valves are mainly used to measure whether a valve is good or not by two indicators: 1. Waterproof ventilation valve working principle. PUW waterproof permeable valve uses imported expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (E-PTFE) microporous membrane carefully manufactured, the imported E-PTFE membrane microporous diameter between 0.1-10 μm, however, the molecules of the gas is only about 0.0004 μm, EPTFE membrane pore size than the diameter of the gas 250-25000 times, so the gas can pass smoothly; and the diameter of the mauve has 400 μm, 40-4000 times larger than the film's microporous diameter, in addition, because the EPTFE film material surface energy is very low, the contact angle of 135.6 °, because the surface tension effect (water molecules pull each other) water vapor condensation into small droplets in the EPTFE film surface shape large larger water droplets, can effectively prevent liquid water wetting and capillary penetration, so has a good waterproof breathable performance. puw waterproof breathable valve has been widely used in electronic products, outdoor lamps, automotive manufacturing, solar photovoltaic, electronic appliances, communication equipment, security equipment and many other industries with waterproof needs https://www.whwireless.com/ 

SMD is what is the difference between SMT and SMD https://www.whwireless.com/  Estimated 2minutes to finish reading   When it comes to SMD, you may not know what it is? But mention the SMT mounter, may be a lot of people know, today by the SMT mounter of the editor to tell you what is the difference between SMD and SMT, the following we come together to understand it:.   Speaking of SMD, we may not know what it is? But mention the SMT mounter, many people may know, today by the SMT mounter of the editor to tell you what is the difference between SMD and SMT, the following we come together to understand it. SMD is the abbreviation of Surface Mounted Devices, meaning: surface mount devices, it is SMT (Surface Mount Technology) components in one, including CHIP, SOP, SOJ, PLCC, LCCC, QFP, BGA, CSP, FC, MCM, etc..   Surface mount components were introduced some twenty years ago and have since ushered in a new era. From passive components to active components and integrated circuits, they eventually became surface mount devices (SMD) and could be assembled by pick-and-place devices. For a long time it was thought that all pinout components would eventually be available in SMD packages.   SMT stands for Surface Mount Technology and is currently one of the most popular technologies and processes in the electronic assembly industry.   SMT is a new generation of electronic assembly technology that compresses traditional electronic components into devices that are only a few tenths of their size, thus achieving high density, high reliability, miniaturisation, low cost and automation in the assembly of electronic products. Such miniaturised components are called: SMD devices (or SMC, sheet devices). The process method for assembling the components onto a printed board PCB is called the SMT process https://www.whwireless.com/