What is CBRS in the wireless world? Citizens Broadband Radio Service is shared wireless spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band, which could have significant landscape implications for building dedicated LTE networks as well as expanding public 4G and 5G services. First, CBRS is an acronym for Citzens Broadband Radio Service, and for IT professionals, the result is that it enables enterprises to every build their own private 4G/5G networks and improve service providers' 4G/5G offerings. Here's a primer on CBRS - because you'll want to know this. CB, just like in the history of B radio? Pi, good buddy, this has nothing to do with the Citizens' Band radio service used by truckers for voice communications, which is located in the 27MH slow band in the U.S. CBRS is located in the 3.5GHz band. So what is CBRS? CBRS is a radio spectrum band from 3.5GHz to 3.7GHz, which the FCC has designated as shared between three tiers of users See Available Months households, preferred licensees, and general licenses, which are lightly licensed. The incumbents are those who have historically held exclusive rights to the band, namely satellite earth stations and the U.S. Navy. Last year, priority licenses were auctioned off to allow licenses or under - specific counties to use the band as long as they do not interfere with the existing band and tolerate possible interference in the existing band. (Internet service providers such as Verizon and Comcast (Comcast) spent most of the money paid in the auction.) In general, authorized access allows users to use the bands as long as they do not interfere with the other two categories of users. Who will prevent interference? Sensor networks - environmental sensing capabilities (ESC) - detect CBRS use. Devices that want to use the CBRS bands first request a cloud-based spectrum access system (SAS) to reserve unused channels in a specific geographic area. If the channel is free, the SAS can grant the request. When a device that has been granted access to a channel has finished using it, the channel is put back into the pool from which the SAS can draw to grant further requests. How did the 3.5 GHz band become available? The release of the 3550-3700 MHz band stems from the FCC's release of the 2010 National Broadband Plan, which was intended to provide an additional 50MHz of spectrum for new mobile uses. the FCC targeted the 3.5 GHz band (referred to as the ""innovation band"") in rules released in April 2015 and reaffirmed those rules about a year later. rules. However, some details on implementation remain up in the air as operators disagree among themselves on some technical details - some smaller operators want the opportunity to expand their 5G coverage without purchasing fully licensed spectrum and therefore advocate allowing higher power access to points within CBRS, while larger The FCC has expressed interest in hearing full comments from both sides. Who will use this spectrum? Operators look to use it to expand the coverage and c...

Antenna 4 kinds of self-contained basic function detailed explanation https://www.whwireless.com/ Estimated 5minutes to finish reading For the antenna, we understand a variety of knowledge has been a lot, but for the antenna thing, we except from its basic information to explain, in fact, ignore its existence of meaning. Why do we need antennas, just because of the transmission of data? It is much more than that. This article will focus on the 4 basic functions of antenna, from the original point of view, to analyze the meaning of using antenna. We all know that all radio equipment (including radio communication, radio, TV, radar, navigation and other systems) use radio waves to work, and the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves from tens of MHz ultra-long wave to more than 40 GHz millimeter band are realized through antennas. Antenna is such a component, for transmitting, it will be the circuit of high-frequency current or feed transmission line on the guide line wave effectively converted into some kind of polarization of space electromagnetic wave, to the specified direction to launch out; for receiving, will be from the space of a specific direction of some kind of polarization of electromagnetic wave effectively converted into the circuit of high-frequency current or transmission line on the guide line wave. To sum up, the antenna's own basic function has four main points. First, energy conversion For the transmitting antenna, the antenna should be the high-frequency current energy in the circuit or transmission line on the guided wave energy as much as possible to convert the space electromagnetic wave energy radiation out. For the receiving antenna, the antenna should be received by the maximum conversion of electromagnetic wave energy into the circuit of high-frequency current energy delivered to the receiver. This requires the antenna and the transmitter source as good a match as possible, or as good a match as possible with the receiver load. Good antenna, is a good energy converter. Second, directional radiation or receive For the transmitting antenna, the radiation of electromagnetic wave energy should be concentrated in the specified direction as far as possible, and in other directions not radiation or radiation is very weak. For receiving antenna, only receive the electromagnetic wave from the specified direction, in the other direction receiving ability is very weak or do not receive. For example, in the case of radar, its task is to search and track a specific target. If the radar antenna does not have a sharp directional, it can not identify and determine the location of the target. And if the antenna is not directional, or directional weak, then for the transmitting antenna, only a small part of the energy it radiates reaches the specified direction, most of the energy is wasted in the unwanted direction. For the receiving antenna, in receiving the required signal at the same time, will also receive from the othe...

Guidelines for the use of FRP antennas https://www.whwireless.com/ Estimated 5minutes to finish reading One of the more common types of antenna is the omni-directional FRP antenna, which can be used as a repeater antenna. In this article, we will discuss the characteristics of FRP antennas, their erection and whether they can be used as indoor antennas, to gain an insight into how FRP antennas operate. 1710~2700MHz 6dBi gain omnidirectional omni series antenna First, is the FRP antenna suitable for indoor use? This answer can't be particularly accurate, many users feel that as long as the antenna is high gain, it can have strong communication quality, especially when there is a requirement for wall penetration, high gain becomes the first choice for users. However, in indoor home or industrial routers, the gain of the antenna is generally between 2 and 5dBi, and high gain antennas are rarely used. The main reason is that high gain antennas are generally larger in size and inconvenient to install, on the other hand, high gain omni-directional antennas, although omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal plane, but the vertical plane radiation angle coverage is very narrow (small flap width), in the relatively short communication distance range is counterproductive, so generally in the indoor short distance coverage will choose 8dBi gain antennas or less. → Tips：Why do omni-directional antennas also have the communication coverage angle? The so-called omni-directional antenna refers to the horizontal plane without directionality, but as the gain increases, in the vertical plane, the range covered by the antenna will become narrower and narrower (the narrower the width of the wave flap), after the gain reaches 8dBi or above, the angle in the vertical plane will be less than 15 degrees, in order to intuitively illustrate, we can directly look at the figure below. The blue position in the above diagram is the transmitting and receiving range of the antenna. The same position, 15dBi antenna reception is not as good as the effect of low gain antenna. Second, the use of glass steel antenna introduction According to the schematic diagram given above, when using high gain FRP antenna, you must pay attention to the radiation direction diagram of the FRP antenna, especially the width of the wave flap in the vertical plane. When using a high gain FRP antenna, the radiation angle in the vertical plane of the antenna will be very narrow, so that the transmitting and receiving antennas are required to be at the same horizontal position as far as possible. We can calculate the height of the antenna according to the required communication distance, coverage and the antenna's flap width, so as to ensure the communication quality of the high gain antenna. https://www.whwireless.com/

One step! Antenna all kinds of calculation formula summary https://www.whwireless.com/ Estimated 8minutes to finish reading After introducing the various important parameters of antennas, we are going to enter a deeper area, which is the calculation formulas related to the parameters. Each formula will bring a lot of convenience before and after the installation. These formulas are summarized in this issue, not only can solve various questions during use, but also provide ideas for the subsequent antenna layout. Antenna gain is a parameter to measure the degree of directionality of antenna radiation direction map. High-gainantenna will give priority to a specific direction of radiation signal. Antenna gain is a passive phenomenon, the power is not increased by the antenna, but simply redistributed so as to provide more radiated power in a certain direction than other isotropic antennas transmit. ↓ The following are some approximate equations for antenna gain. General antenna G(dBi) = 10 Lg { 32000 / (2θ3dB,E × 2θ3dB,H)} In the formula, 2θ3dB,E and 2θ3dB,H are the width of the antenna flaps in the two main planes respectively; 32000 is the statistical empirical data. Parabolic antenna G (dBi) = 10Lg{4.5×(D/λ0)2} In the formula, D is the diameter of the paraboloid; λ0 is the center working wavelength; 4.5 is the statistical empirical data. Upright omnidirectional antenna G(dBi) = 10 Lg { 2 L / λ0 } In the formula, L is the length of the antenna; λ0 is the center working wavelength. The most important thing about the antenna adjustment is to fine-tune its down-tilt angle (which can solve the problems of weak coverage overlapping coverage, etc.). The following is an introduction to its most original antenna tilt angle calculation method. The antenna calculation formula for high traffic area (urban area). Antenna tilt angle = arctag(H/D) + vertical half power angle / 2 Low service area (rural, suburban areas, etc.) antenna formula. Antenna dip angle = arctag(H/D) Parameter description. (1) antenna tilt angle: the angle between the antenna and the vertical direction. (2) H: antenna height. It can be measured directly. (3) D: cell coverage radius. Generally D value is determined by road test, in order to ensure the coverage, in the actual design, generally D should be larger to ensure the coverage overlap between neighboring cells. (4) Vertical half-power angle: the vertical half-power angle of the antenna, generally 10 degrees. Directional diagram, the ratio of the maximum value of the front and rear flap is called the front and rear ratio, recorded as F / B . Before and after than the larger, the antenna after the radiation (or reception) is smaller. Before and after the ratio of F / B is very simple to calculate: F / B = 10 Lg {(forward power density) / (backward power density)} Parameter description: the antenna front-to-back ratio F / B requirements, its typical value is (18 ~ 30) dB, special circumstanc...