How do you deploy an industrial wireless network? --These not inconsiderable details determine its success or failure! Expected to finish reading in 5 minutes   In industrial facilities, the use of wireless networks can create enormous value and help companies save significant costs. With well-thought-out and properly designed implementations, it is possible to provide information from point A to point B with the same reliability as a wired network. It saves money and brings more convenience to users. There are many variables and unknowns to consider when designing a wireless network: the people who make up the network may not be able to "see" the whole picture.   With a wired network, people can know where data is going and what else is "in the network" and can predict network performance. The same is true for wireless systems if the right steps are taken in the design and verification process. When you start designing a wireless network, it is important to define the who, what, when, where, and why associated with the device.   Who will support and maintain the wireless network?   When discussing the implementation of a wireless network for the first time, it is important to find out who is supporting the project and who will use it and be responsible for maintaining the network. Because these people may come from completely different groups, they may have different views on how to implement a wireless network.   Will the engineering team or the management team be supporting the project? Each team has a different goal. The engineering team aims to find the best solution to a problem, and does not necessarily focus on the cost of the system while it solves the problem. The management team may be more focused on the return on investment and cost of the system. To make the design process more manageable, you need to understand the composition of the teams that can be involved (or sometimes both). And how your needs can be met with a logical solution is very important. Figure 1: Typically, TO engineers prefer to have access to data in a visual and readable form in order to interpret it effectively. Image credit: Phoenix Contact   For the daily work of the device, Operations Technology (OT) engineers focus on application-related network data. They want to access data visually and legibly so that it can be interpreted effectively, for example, the Human Machine Interface (HMI) screens or web pages of Ethernet devices. Information technology (IT) engineers are also interested in the data, but more interested in the raw formats. They want to be able to use everyday tools to manage, maintain and configure wireless systems. When managing these functions, IT engineers prefer to use a command line interface rather than a network administrator.   Identifying Wireless Network Scenarios   In the process of designing a wireless network, the details of specific application scenarios...

Build 5g microwave back to become a sharp weapon Expected to finish reading in 8 minutes From a global perspective, microwave back propagation has become a mainstream way of back propagation. In 2017, sky light research, a third-party market research institution, published the article "5g retransmission, microwave surpasses expectations". It points out that 50% - 60% of mobile base stations in the world are retransmitted by microwave at present. With the acceleration of 5g deployment, the network capacity, complexity and delay requirements are higher, and the number of mobile base stations will increase. Microwave is an important transmission method in the fiber-free scenario, With the evolution of 5g, it will continue to expand. Ericsson microwave outlook released in 2018 mentioned that the solution of optical fiber and microwave integration is the mainstream way of 4G evolution and 5g return. By 2023, the 40% base stations will be back to wireless transmission. If China, Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Korea and Japan are excluded, the proportion of wireless backhaul will be as high as 65% by 2023, because there are a large number of 4G base stations in Northeast Asia, and their return depends mainly on optical fiber, which will reduce the proportion of global wireless backhaul. As mentioned in the report 5g wireless return issued by ETSI in November 2018, wireless return technology has been applied to 50% of base station connections in the world, and it is obvious that wireless return has become an important scheme for 5g rapid deployment and economy. There are some shortcomings in microwave transmission mode, mainly sight distance transmission, and when there is too much moisture or dust in the air, the quality of microwave signal will be reduced. Of course, this does not affect the share of microwave echo in overseas market. It can be seen that the 4G era microwave echo is the mainstream echo mode, and the 5g era will continue this mode. However, the inherent characteristics of 5g challenge the microwave return, such as the increase of bandwidth, the scarcity of public frequency band, and the strictness of network experience. Previously, the global microwave return mainly used the 6-42ghz band, with an average return capacity between 50Mbps and 500mbps. Obviously, this is unable to meet the demand of base station return capacity in 5g era. Therefore, E-band begins to appear, i.e. 70ghz-80ghz band. E-band really provides a strong support for 5g's return. In May 2019, Deutsche Telekom and Ericsson cooperated to achieve 100gbps return rate on the 1.5km E-band microwave link for the first time, which is 10 times of the current commercial microwave return rate and can meet the demand of 5g return. Huawei occupies the largest share of the microwave transmission market, with a 29% share in the fourth quarter of 2019. Earlier, Ren Zhengfei mentioned in an interview that "there are not many microwave manufacturers in the world, and Huawei is the most advan...

Theory and application of high precision positioning Expected to finish reading in 12 minutes From mobile Internet to Internet of things, location is a basic and indispensable information, but from the refined industry application requirements, only higher precision location information can bring higher value, people can more accurately know the location of things, know the specific location of people, and better manage enterprises, personnel or materials. For example, to ensure the personal safety of tunnel construction personnel, to assist the prison to build a global and visual supervision platform; to improve the safety assurance efficiency of the petrochemical industry; to help upgrade the intelligent management of the construction site. However, the above industries have high requirements on ultra-high positioning accuracy, large capacity, low delay and high refresh rate. Location and navigation technology is responsible for providing real-time motion information of carrier (such as autonomous vehicle), including carrier position, speed, attitude, acceleration, angular speed, etc. Autopilot often adopts the way of multi-sensor fusion positioning. This paper mainly introduces the application of IMU in automatic driving positioning. Working principle of high precision positioning At the perception level of unmanned vehicle, the importance of positioning is self-evident. Unmanned vehicle needs to know its exact position relative to the environment, and there can be no more than 10cm error in positioning here. GPS can provide absolute positioning of meter level for vehicles, differential GPS or RTK GPS can provide absolute positioning of centimeter level for vehicles, but not all sections can get good GPS signals at all times. Therefore, in the field of automatic driving, the output of RTK GPS is generally integrated with the sensors of IMU and automobile (such as wheel speedometer, steering wheel angle sensor, etc.). The full name of IMU is inertial measurement unit, which is usually composed of gyroscope, accelerator and algorithm processing unit. Through the measurement of acceleration and rotation angle, we can get the self motion track. We call the traditional IMU and the system combined with the vehicle body, GPS and other information fusion algorithms as the generalized IMU for automatic driving. The emergence of this technology makes up for the lack of GPS positioning, and the two complement each other, enabling autopilot to get the most accurate location information. At present, the most widely used positioning method of unmanned vehicle is the integration of global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS). Integrated navigation involves complex coordinate system transformation, which requires initial calibration of the inertial navigation system. Generally, the reference navigation system (such as GNSS) is used to give the inertial navigation system an initial position value (the purpose is to establish the initia...

How much imagination can 5g network bring to industry? Expected to finish reading in 8 minutes 2020 is not only the year of outbreak, but also the first year of5gcommercial operation.5G, as the key of a new round of industrial revolution, according to the characteristics of ultra-high bandwidth, low latency and ultra large connection, will have a significant impact on human society. The first is to meet the needs of digital life, such as high-definition video, virtual reality VR and AR of augmented reality; the second is to meet the needs of digital society, such as smart city, environmental monitoring, intelligent agriculture, etc.; the third is the digital industrial demand, remote control and automatic driving of the factory. Ubiquitous demand and rigid demand As we all know, the industrial control network and management network of the traditional manufacturing plant belong to the internal network. We can understand it as a closed network, after all, the outside world is inaccessible. With the spread of the concept of industry 4.0, the development and application of domestic intelligent manufacturing, the factory needs internal network and external network for interconnection. From the actual situation, the manufacturers of textile, toys, food packaging and other industries tend to develop in the direction of flat internal communication network and functional architecture. Industry insiders said that the existing industrial wireless solutions can not meet the needs of intelligent factories, and the only hope is5G, while some traditional factories have to adopt the industrial scenario of wireless communication when they are transforming and upgrading. For example, it is very inconvenient to reconstruct the old factory wiring; the production sites in oil production, oil and gas pipelines and other fields are too far away, as well as the operation sites with poor environment such as corrosion and salt fog. How can5gmake production and manufacturing more optimized? Since it is industry 4.0, it is different from labor-intensive production and manufacturing. The use of robots and the collaboration between machines are the main scenes. The traditional industrial communication adopts the master-slave mode, and realizes the communication between the machine and the machine through the main control equipment such as PLC. The application of5gwill greatly improve the communication between machines and make them more efficient. In terms of factory logistics,5Gmakes it possible for logistics distribution vehicles in the park and plant area to realize automatic driving. In terms of remote operation and maintenance of large-scale manufacturing equipment,5gcan transmit more unstructured data, such as video, which can quickly understand the situation of the industrial site, and can quickly feedback the situation when operating the machine. In the future, no or few people factories need a lot of on-site data for decision-making support. The characteristics of ul...